2022
06/28
相关创新主体

创新背景

指纹因为重复率极小,历来是识别身份的重要工具,探究指纹形成的来源对于医学发展有重大意义,引导关于皮肤纹路方面医学领域纵深发展。

 

创新过程

指纹由表皮、真皮和皮下组织组成,分为斗型、弓型、箕型三种基本形状。17世纪时,意大利生物马尔切罗·马尔比基利用显微镜研究人体的微细结构,观察发现每个人指纹纹路都有所不同。指纹由此成为区别人身份的重要证据。但一直没有相关研究揭示指纹形成的机制和纹路不同的原因。

复旦大学生命科学学院、中国科学院大学上海营养与健康研究所、英国爱丁堡大学、英国罗斯林研究所和皇家(迪克)兽医学院等多所国际知名机构组成研究团队,对指纹做了迄今为止最为全面的研究。相关论文《肢体发育基因是人类指纹模式变异的基础》(Limb development genes underlie variation in human fingerprint patterns)于2022年发表在《细胞》期刊上。
研究采集多种族群体的指纹,对近百万遗传位点进行分析,扫描2万多名不同种族群体的DNA,发现人类基因组上至少有43个区域与指纹的模式相关。但这些基因组并未分布在皮肤发育相关通路,而是在肢体发育形成的相关通路上。此研究首次揭开指纹形成的原因。研究发现食指、中指、无名指指纹形成和EVI1基因的变异位点显著相关。此基因位于位于染色体3q26.2区域附近,对胚胎肢体发育具有重要作用。通过修改小鼠动物模型和胚胎组织EVI1基因,研究人员发现,EVI1被改变的小鼠指纹与野生小鼠有所不同,证明指纹形成与人类肢体发育密切相关。

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同时,EVI1基因在此前研究中已被证实与白血病关系密切,它的过分表达会对血细胞的分化和死亡产生消极作用,进而引发白血病。并且,在之前的研究中发现,白血病患者手指斗形纹与正常人有所区别,证明指纹在生长发育之外,与病理可能也存在内向联系。此外,该研究还发现指纹花纹与手指长度比例紧密相关。比如,双手斗型花纹越多,小指相对越长;食指远端指节相对越长,斗形花纹则越少。
 

创新关键点

从指纹形成进行研究,创新发现指纹与肢体发育和病理的紧密联系。

 

创新价值

指纹是人体外表的显著表达,进一步研究其形成和其他与人体联系与,可以推动医学和生物学的长足发展。

 

Fingerprint formation is inseparable from the development of human limbs

Fingerprints are composed of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue, and can be divided into three basic shapes: bucket, bow, and skip. In the 17th century, Italian biologist Marcello Malbiqui used a microscope to study the microstructure of the human body and observed that each person's fingerprints were different. Fingerprints thus become important evidence to distinguish people's identity. However, there has been no relevant research to reveal the mechanism of fingerprint formation and the reasons for the different lines.
The School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, the Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the University of Edinburgh, the Roslin Institute of the United Kingdom, and the Royal (Dick) Veterinary College formed a research team to make the most comprehensive fingerprints so far. Research. A related paper, Limb Development Genes Underlies Human Fingerprint Pattern Variation, will be published in the journal Cell in 2022.
The study collected the fingerprints of multi-ethnic groups, analyzed nearly one million genetic loci, and scanned the DNA of more than 20,000 different ethnic groups. It was found that there are at least 43 regions on the human genome that are associated with fingerprint patterns. However, these genomes are not distributed in the pathways related to skin development, but in the pipeline pathways formed by limb development. This study is the first to uncover the cause of fingerprint formation. The study found that the index finger, middle finger, ring finger fingerprint formation and EVI1 gene mutation sites were significantly correlated. This gene is located near the region of chromosome 3q26.2 and plays an important role in embryonic limb development. By modifying the EVI1 gene in mouse animal models and embryonic tissues, the researchers found that the fingerprints of mice with altered EVI1 were different from those of wild mice, proving that fingerprint formation is closely related to human limb development.
At the same time, the EVI1 gene has been confirmed to be closely related to leukemia in previous studies, and its overexpression will have a negative effect on the differentiation and death of blood cells, thereby causing leukemia. Moreover, in previous studies, it was found that the fingers of leukemia patients were different from those of normal people, which proved that fingerprints may also have an introverted relationship with pathology in addition to growth and development. In addition, the study also found that the fingerprint pattern is closely related to the finger length ratio. For example, the more bucket-shaped patterns on both hands, the longer the little finger is relatively long; the longer the distal knuckle of the index finger, the fewer the bucket-shaped patterns.
Fingerprints are a prominent expression of the human body's appearance, and further research on its formation and other connections with the human body can drive great advances in medicine and biology.

 

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