创新背景

希格斯玻色子是粒子物理标准模型中的基本粒子，由粒子物理理论中的希格斯场量子激发产生。彼得·希格斯在1964年与其他科学家一起提出了希格斯粒子存在的机制。2012年由欧洲核子中心（CERN）的ATLAS实验组和CMS实验组在大型强子对撞机（LHC）进行对撞实验的联合确认了希格斯粒子的存在。

希格斯玻色子的发现，以及在LHC上其他对撞实验，为粒子物理学标准模型的验证、弱电相互作用的对称破缺、粒子质量的获得和标量场与标准模型的扩展具有重要作用。甚至，宇宙学暴胀场、真空能量与宇宙常数和宇宙的本质及其可能的命运的研究也离不开希格斯玻色子。

创新过程

粒子标准模型在粒子物理学发展中占有重要地位，用来描述物质的基本组成部分和作用于它们的基本力。大型强子对撞机在2015年检测到中性B介子衰变成μ子，证明粒子物理学标准模型预测的实现；2019年发现第三种“五夸克”粒子；2021年发现全新的“四夸克”粒子。大型强子对撞机是一种原子加速器和粒子加速器，是大型强子的发现者，它在在粒子物理学方面已经做出研究贡献。

除了在粒子物理学方面，大型强子对撞机对基本粒子和强子的捕捉发现促进了宇宙学的发展。它通过模拟大约一百多亿年前宇宙大爆炸后的可能情况，帮助科学家们发现捕获宇宙诞生后出现的的基本粒子以及强子，希格斯玻色被认为是赋予其他粒子质量的基本粒子，为当前基本粒子分类奠定了基础。

2022年4月22日，欧洲核子研究中心官网报道，大型强子对撞机（LHC)经过3年多的维修升级，两束质子以450GeV的注入能量对撞机周围约27公里相反方向循环，这是LHC新一轮数据收集工作的开始，预计将持续4年。

在第三轮运行中，LHC上运行的实验在已有的超环面仪器、LHC底夸克、大型离子对撞实验ALICE等外，将新增2个新实验：国际前向搜索实验和LHC的散射和中微子探测器。这两个实验涉及氧离子的对撞、特殊的氢—氦对撞和超越标准模型的物理学，帮助测量在这些碰撞中反质子产生的几率，将为科学家们研究宇宙组成成分提供极大帮助，或能找到未发现的粒子和离子体。

研究人员表示，高能量、高强度的碰撞尚且需要几个月，预测LHC升级后的第三轮运行产生的数量和能量将达到创纪录碰撞，提供的创纪录数据可以帮助物理学家们更加深入研究希格斯玻色子，同时对粒子物理学标准模型及其各种扩展理论开展迄今为止最严格的测试。

创新关键点

借助大型强子对撞机升级更新氧离子、氢—氦对撞等物理实验。

创新价值

标准模型的发展将促进人类对宇宙组成成分及其支配力量的认识。

Large Hadron Collider upgrade aids particle physics

The Standard Model of Particles plays an important role in the development of particle physics, describing the basic components of matter and the fundamental forces acting on them. The Large Hadron Collider detected the decay of neutral B mesons into muons in 2015, proving the realization of the predictions of the Standard Model of particle physics; the discovery of a third "pentaquark" particle in 2019; the discovery of a brand new "four quark" in 2021. quark" particles. The Large Hadron Collider, an atomic and particle accelerator, is the discoverer of the large hadron and has made research contributions in particle physics.
In addition to particle physics, the discovery of fundamental particles and hadrons by the Large Hadron Collider has contributed to the development of cosmology. It helps scientists discover and capture the fundamental particles that emerged after the birth of the universe, as well as hadrons, by simulating what might have happened after the Big Bang about 10 billion years ago. The Higgs Bose is considered to be the fundamental particle that gives other particles mass. , which lays the foundation for the current classification of elementary particles.
On April 22, 2022, CERN's official website reported that after more than three years of maintenance and upgrading of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), two beams of protons circulated in opposite directions around the collider with an injection energy of 450GeV for about 27 kilometers. This is the start of a new round of data collection at the LHC, which is expected to last four years.
In the third round of operation, in addition to the existing toroidal instruments, LHC bottom quarks, and large-scale ion collision experiment ALICE, two new experiments will be added to the experiments running on the LHC: the International Forward Search Experiment and the LHC's Scattering and neutrino detectors. These two experiments involve collisions of oxygen ions, special hydrogen-helium collisions, and physics beyond the Standard Model. Helping to measure the odds of antiprotons being created in these collisions will greatly aid scientists in studying the composition of the universe. , or to find undiscovered particles and ions.
The researchers say high-energy, high-intensity collisions are still months away, and the third run of the upgraded LHC is predicted to produce a record number and energy of collisions, providing record data that could help physicists go deeper. Study the Higgs boson while conducting the most rigorous test yet of the Standard Model of particle physics and its various extensions. The development of the Standard Model will advance our understanding of the composition of the universe and the forces that govern it.